Medina Azahara,es una ciudad palatina o áulica que mandó edificar Abderramán III.
Debido a la topografía del suelo, que se encuentra en pendiente, la ciudad se construyó sobre tres terrazas superpuestas, que correspondían a tres partes de la ciudad separadas por muros.
La residencia califal dominaba toda el área desde la terraza superior situada al norte. La explanada media albergaba la administración y las viviendas de los más importantes funcionarios de la corte. La inferior estaba destinada a la gente del pueblo y los soldados, allí se encontraban la mezquita, los mercados, los baños y también los jardines públicos.
Se advierte también una notable separación entre los espacios públicos y los privados, aun ofreciendo ambos sectores un esquema similar: un espacio abierto, porticado, actúa como antefachada monumental de una puerta de reducidas dimensiones en la que se inicia una calle o corredor quebrado que va alcanzando a los distintos salones. Los espacios más deslumbrantes son los integrados en la zona oficial, destinada a la actividad política y a la recepción de personalidades extranjeras, sobre todo los Salones de Embajadores, que son dos: el Salón Occidental y el Salón Oriental, asociados ambos a sus correspondientes jardines.
Tiene difenetes salas como:
La Puerta Norte La casa militar El gran portigo
INGLES
Medina Azahara, is a cleft or courtly city Rahman III ordered the building .Due to the topography of the land , which is on a slope , the city was built on three superimposed terraces , corresponding to three parts of the city separated by walls.
The residence Caliphate ruled the entire area from the upper terrace to the north . The average esplanade housed the administration and the houses of the most important court officials . The bottom was intended for the common people and the soldiers , there mosque , markets , baths and public gardens were .
A noticeable separation between public and private spaces is also noted , although both sectors offering a similar scheme : an open portico , monumental antefachada acts as a gate of reduced dimensions in which a broken street or corridor space starts going reaching the various rooms. The most stunning spaces are integrated in the official area , for the political activity and receiving foreign dignitaries , especially Ambassadors salons , which are two : the West Room and the East Room , both associated with their corresponding gardens.has different rooms like :The North GateThe Military HouseThe Grand PorticoThe Salon Rico
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La peste negra o muerte negra se refiere a la pandemia de peste más devastadora en la historia de la humanidad que afectó a Europa en el siglo XIV y que alcanzó un punto máximo entre 1347 y 1353; se estima que la misma fue causa de muerte de 25 millones de personas tan solo en Europa (aproximadamente un tercio de la población del continente en aquel entonces) y unos 40 a 60 millones más en Asia.Se transmitía atraves de las ratas.
The Black Plague or Black Death pandemic refers to the most devastating plague in human history that affected Europe in the fourteenth century and peaked between 1347 and 1353 it is estimated that it was the cause of death 25 million people in Europe alone ( about a third of the continent's population at the time) and about 40 to 60 million in Asia.According to current knowledge , the pandemic broke out first in Asia , then reach Europe via trade routes. Introduced by sea , the epidemic began in Messina . While some areas were depopulated , others were free from the disease or were only slightly affected . In Florence, only a fifth of its inhabitants survived. In the current territory of Germany , it is estimated that one in ten people lost their lives because of the black plague . Hamburg , Cologne and Bremen were the cities where a greater proportion of the population died . However, the number of deaths in East Germany was much lower.
The expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492 was ordered by the Catholic Monarchs by the Edict of Granada in order , according to the decree , to prevent continue to influence new Christians so that they judaizaran . The decision to expel the Jews or to ban Judaism is related to the establishment of the Inquisition fourteen years before the Crown of Castile and nine in the Crown of Aragon, precisely because it was created to pursue the conversos who continued to practice their old faith. As pointed out by the historian Julio Valdeón , " undoubtedly the expulsion of the Jews from the Iberian peninsula is one of the most controversial issues of how many have occurred throughout the history of Spain ." Meanwhile the French hispanista Joseph Perez has highlighted the similarities between the expulsion and persecution of Jews in the Visigoth Hispania almost a thousand years before.
Fueron una serie de campañas emprendidas por los líderes cristianos de Alemania, Dinamarca y Suecia, entre los siglos XII y XVI, con el objetivo principal de subyugar y convertir a los pueblos paganos de la cuenca del Báltico y contra otros pueblos cristianos considerados igualmente infieles. Uno de los actores principales de dichas campañas fue la Orden Teutónica, que había sido previamente creada en Palestina.
They were a series of campaigns by the Christian leaders of Germany, Denmark and Sweden , between the twelfth and sixteenth centuries, with the main objective to subjugate and convert the heathen peoples of the Baltic and against other equally faithless Christian peoples considered. One of the major players in these campaigns was the Teutonic Order , which had been previously established in Palestine.The Crusades in the Baltic respond to a social movement developed in the German Empire in the mid- twelfth century. This movement is known as Drang nach Osten .The Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken during the Middle Ages by the Catholic kings of Sweden and Denmark and the Teutonic and Livonian orders against the pagan peoples of northeastern Europe and the Baltic sea. From the nineteenth century , the romantic historiography also encompass the term campaigns against the Swedes and Danes Christians orientalesFue a military campaign conducted in 1147 , as contemporary to the Second Crusade, directed against polabios Slavs ( Wends or Sorbs ) , occupying an area in what is now eastern Germany and western Poland.At the beginning of the twelfth century, German archbishoprics of Bremen and Magdeburg sought the conversion of the pagan Slavic neighbors to Western Christianity through peaceful means. However, during the preparation of the Second Crusade to the Holy Land , a papal bull that supported a crusade against the Slavs was published . The Christian army was composed mainly of Saxons and Danes.
